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324 VII. TIME OF FREEDOM AND NEOLOGY.
Sweden, especially in Stockholm (ti759). On the other
hand the Pietists were in many places subjected to great
suspicion, and even to persecution, of which Tollstadius
had a considerable amount to suffer, as well as the excel
lent Provost Nils Grubb, of Umea, farther north.12
The
general feeling, which was voiced by Gustaf Adolf
Humble (1674 I
74 I
)&gt;
w^o became Bishop of Vexio in
1730, was against the movement, and the edicts against
Conventicles of 1706, 1713, 1721, and especially the severest
of all, that of 1726, were intended to check and suppress
it. We must remember, however, that these were govern
ment edicts, not laws freely passed by the Church. The
last of these, forbidding all public gatherings for worship
except under the parish priest, was not repealed till 1858.
3. OFFSHOOTS OF PIETISM. SCHOOL OF BENGEL AND
THE MORAVIANS. SALUTARY INFLUENCE OF THE
MORAVIANS IN SWEDEN.
Pietism gave birth to two other very important move
ments the revival of the Church of the Moravian
Brethren by Count Zinzendorf at Herrnhut, and the
theological school of John Albert Bengel, whose Gnomon
of the New Testament is a classic even in England, and
who is recognized as the founder of textual criticism of the
New Testament in Germany. Of these two Dorner says
that they agreed in their rejection of the real defects of the
older Pietism, and in their appropriation of those genuine
elements of Churchmanship which it had neglected to
adopt. They resembled each other also in their full appre
ciation of Christian liberty and of the loveableness of
Gospel truth, and their intense perception of its creative
originality. Where they differed was in this : Zinzendorf
founded a Church, with something of the defects which
12
There is an extensive life of N. Grubb in K. H. Arsskrift, by
E. Wermcrantz, Vols. 4, 5, 6, 7 for 1903-6. On Bishop Humble
see Cornelius : Hist. 157.
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