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AMYLOPSIN. STEAPSIN. 501
had a strong alkaline reaction even toward phenolphthalein, and con-
tained globulin and albumin but no proteoses and peptones. The specific
gravity was 1.0075 and the freezing-point depression was A =—0.46-
0.49°. The solids were 12.44-12.71 p. m., the total protein 1.28-1.74
p. m., and the mineral bodies 5.66-6.98 p. m. The secretion contained
trypsinogen, which was activated by the intestinal juice. Diastase and
lipase were present; inverting enzymes, on the contrary, were not. The
daily quantity of juice was 500-800 cc. The quantity of secretion, of
ferments, and of alkalinity was lowest in starvation, but soon rose with
the taking of food, and reached its maximum in about four hours.
Amylopsin, or pancreatic diastase, which, according to Korowin
and Zweifel, is not found in new-born infants and does not appear
until more than one month after birth, seems, although not identical
with ptyalin, to be closely related to it. Amylopsin acts very energetic-
ally upon boiled starch, and according to Ivuhne also upon unboiled
gtarch, especially at 37 to 40° C, and according to Vernon 1
best at
35° C. It forms, similarly to the action of saliva, besides dextrin, chiefly
isomaltose and maltose, with only very little glucose (Musculus and
v. Mering, Kulz and Vogel 2
). The glucose is probably formed by the
action of the invertin existing in the gland and juice. The pancreatic
juice of the dog in fact, contains, according to Bierry and Terroine,3
maltase, its action becomes apparent only after very faint acidification
cf the juice. According to Rachford the action of the amylopsin is
not reduced by very small quantities of hydrochloric acid, but is dimin-
ished by larger amounts. Vernon, Grutzner, and Wachsmann find
that the action is indeed accelerated by very small quantities of hydro-
chloric acid, 0.045 p. m., while alkalies in very small amounts have a
retarding action. This retarding action of alkalies and hydrochloric
acid may be stopped by bile (Rachford). Wohlgemuth as well as
Minami 4 find that the action of diastase is increased to a high degree
by bile. The active constituent of the bile was soluble in water and
alcohol but was not identical with the bile salts or cholesterin. The
statements in regard to the action of lecithin are contradictory.
Steapsin, or Fat-splitting Enzyme. The action of the pancreatic
juice on fats is twofold. First, the neutral fats are split into fatty acids
1
Korowin, Maly’s Jahresber., 3; Zweifel, footnote 2, p. 456, Kuhne, Lehrbuch,
117; Vernon, Journ. of Physiol., 27.
2
See footnote 5, p. 456.
3
See Tebb. Journ. of Physiol., 15; Bierry and Terroine, Compt. rend. soc. biolog.,
58; Bierry, ibid., 62.
4
Rachford, Amer. Journ. of Physiol., 2; Vernon. 1. c; Grutzner, Pfliiger’s Arch.
91; Wohlgemuth, Bioch. Zeitschr. 21, 447 (1909); Minami, ibid., 39, 339 (1912).
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