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of Irish Viking rulers who were not finally expelled
until 954.
Bernicia, equivalent to the modern county of Northumberland
with the Lothians, a purely English territory
from the Tyne to the Forth, was then under the rule
of Ealdred and his brother Uhtred, sons of Eadulf,
lord of Bamborough and ealdorman of Bernicia, King
Ælfred’s friend, who died in 912. He was the son of
Ecgberht, who had been the tributary king of Northumbria
under Halfdan, and in 875 had apparently
been deputed to govern the northern part of the realm
in which Halfdan’s Danes never settled. The brothers
Ealdred and Uhtred, Eadulf’s sons, kept up their
friendly relations with Eadward of Wessex, and appear
among those who chose him for father and lord in 921,
though in this sudden invasion of the Irish vikings the
friendship of Wessex was of no avail.
There are two curious stories given side by side in
the tenth-century History of St. Cuthbert, which, taken
together with the Ulster Annals and the Pictish
Chronicle, throw some little light on the times. The
first story is that Elfred, son of Birihtulfing (of the
family of Brihtwulf), fleeing from pirates, came over the
western hills (i.e. from Cumberland, now being settled
by the Norse) and bishop Cutheard gave him certain
vills, which can be recognised as the eastern part of
county Durham. At last Ragnvald came to the land of
Aldred Eadulfs son, who got help from Constantine of
Scotland, and fought Ragnvald at Corbridge, but was
defeated. Elfred was slain, but Aldred and his brother
Uhtred escaped. The other story is that Edred, son
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