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Northumberland states do not appear to have shared
in the confederacy, though Æthelstan, ten years
before, had expelled Ealdred from Bamborough, but
apparently reinstated him. The expedition, if this
battle were fought on the north-east coast of England,
would have passed the Orkneys, and met with either
help or hindrance; and the land forces of Scots and
Cumbrians—for they surely would not embark and
disembark when the roads which Æthelred had used
would serve them as well—must have marched south,
either by the east coast or the west: if the former,
they would have met with resistance or adherence in
Bernicia and at York, but of all this we hear nothing.
If, however, they came by Cumbria and along the
Maiden Way, they could penetrate far south without
touching the more populous and settled districts
under English rule. The fleet, numbering 615 ships,
an enormous number to pilot on a long voyage, came
from the Hebrides, Dublin, Limerick and Waterford,
that is to say from all the Viking ports in the west.
This we gather from the Annals of Clonmacnois, which
mention Geleachan, king of the Islands (Sudreyjar) ;
Moylemurry, son of Cossewarra (or Cossa-uara), named
as a chief at Waterford in 916; Arick mac Brith, i.e.
Hárek Bard’s son, connected with Limerick by his
brother Colla, lord of that town in 924, and with
Irish royalties by another brother who married the
daughter of Domhnall, son of King Aedh Finnliath.
The object of this expedition was to strike at Æthelstan
as he had struck at Scotland. The natural meeting-point
of all these various confederates was somewhere
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