Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Scandinavian Britain - III. The Norse Settlements - 1. Wales - 2. Cheshire and Lancashire
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natural animosity which is shown, in Gruffydd’s
confirmation of lands to bishop Herwald of Llandaff
(1032–1061), when he promises to defend the Church
against the "barbaros Anglos," and the Irish of the
west, "semper fugaces," the Danes of the sea and the
inhabitants of the Orkneys, "semper versis dorsis
in fugam et firmato fœdere ad libitum suum
pacificatos" (Clark’s Cartæ et Munimenta, iii., 30, quoted
by Mr. A. G. Moffat).
Scandinavian relics in North Wales are few. Of
place-names beside Anglesey and Orm’s Head, there
are Priestholme (Puffin Island), the Stacks
(Holyhead), the Skerries (N.W. of Anglesey), Bardsea,
perhaps the island home of a Viking named Bard, and
the Point of Air (eyrr) at the mouth of the Dee. But
such a name as Wig, between Bangor and Aber, may
be from the Welsh gwig, "nemus," not from wic, nor
from vík, and it must be owned that most derivations
of North Welsh names from the Norse are not very
satisfactory. In Penmon Priory is said to be a cross of
Swedish type; and the Maen-y-chwynfan in Flintshire
has a strong likeness to tenth-century crosses in
Cumberland, and must be a relic of Christianised Viking
settlement. But here we are on the border of a
country where such settlement has left more plentiful
traces than in North Wales.
2. Cheshire and Lancashire.
In the year 900 Æthelflæd[[en:Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians,
granted to Ingimund expelled from Dublin certain
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