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Addingham (Cumberland) cross and others, made for
Viking patrons in imitation of earlier models. Now,
as lona was the burial-place of Hebridean chieftains,
so Whithorn must have been the mausoleum of the
notables of this coast; and perhaps all who could
afford a monument, buried their dead at the famous
sanctuary of St. Ninian. This may explain the absence
of distinctively Viking-age work in Dumfriesshire,
though in Kirkcudbright there are many stones of
the tenth century which may have been carved for
the settlers without introducing any very characteristic
Viking ornament.
In Wigtownshire itself was another Norse colony,
no doubt connected with that in Dumfriesshire, and
yet divided by the hilly district west of the Dee,
in which there is a smaller proportion of Norse place-names
except on the coast-line. Here again Cumbrian
names are reduplicated, as Wigtown, Sorbie (Sowerby),
Broughton, Carleton, Glasserton, Ramsey, Tongue,
Gretna ; while Physgill (Fishcegil, fiski-gil) Eggerness
(ness of the Solway tidal-bore) and Fleet (Fljót) are
of similar form. In Njál’s saga Beruvík, somewhere
near Whithorn, is named ; it has been found at
Burrow Head or Yarrock Bay, but there is also a
Berwick near Kirkcudbright. The farmers’ loan-word
ergh is found again in another Arkland, and is common
as -aroch, while the Gaelic form appears in Airyland.
The origin of the settlement in Galloway, connected
as it must be with the Gallgael (Galweithia
being the Latin from Galwyddel the Cymric equivalent
of the Gaelic Gallgaidhel) is perhaps earlier,
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