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AFTER THE BALL 105
away than from a distance of so many hundred
yards down in the parallels, where they, moreover,
would certainly be destroyed within a short time.
The parallels as well as the approaches can,
therefore, be made narrower, the average width
of the former being about eight feet and of the
latter some three or four feet. In front of Port
Arthur they were provided with sandbag breast-
works on the side facing the enemy, and were
made deep enough for a man to walk upright in
them. The breastworks in front of the parallels
THE OLD-TIME SAPPING ARRANGEMENT.
were provided with loopholes, and in the ap-
proaches nearest to the attacked fort small
wooden mortars for dynamite bombs were placed.
Where the soil was very hard, as, for instance,
near Sungshuh and Erhlung, where the sappers
had to work through solid rock, both the depth
and the width of the approaches were reduced,
and the men had to crouch down when passing
through here. In several cases, one approaching
sap only was dug, but the general procedure was
to open up two approaches simultaneously, and,
when the saps had been carried forward far
enough, to connect them by a new parallel.
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