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SIGNAL AND COMMISSARIAT 143
able distance. The presence of an unlimited
number of Chinese coolies to carry burdens and
undertake the loading and unloading of ships,
railway trucks, and carts, made it possible for the
Japanese to do away with a large number of army
coolies and camp-followers, whom they made
better use of as soldiers in the fighting lines.
To facilitate the forwarding of ammunition,
provisions, and other supplies, the roads were
divided into sections, and an Stape station estab-
lished for each, under an officer’s command. This
organization was retained throughout the siege ;
and a small guard was left at each of the ^tape
stations, even after the railway had taken over
the transport, so that the traffic by road could be
resumed at a moment’s notice if the railway
should break down or be destroyed by the enemy.
For the iith Division, with headquarters not far
from the eastern sea-shore, the transport by road
was continued to the end of the siege, supplies
being taken by ships direct from Japan to Shao-
pingtou Bay, and from there carted to the divisional
depot.
In Dalny there were two forwarding depart-
ments, one for ammunition and arms, and one for
provisions, clothing, fodder, &c. A colonel was
in command at the main depot at Changling, the
railway terminus, where extensive sidings had
been laid and considerable cuttings and fillings
carried out. He was also in charge of the
transport from the railway station to the divisional
depots, mostly done by the small Japanese trans-
port carts, though partly also by Chinese carts.
The divisional depots were established in a
conveniently situated village, where many roads
converged, at the rear of each of the divisions,
and from them the supplies were obtained for
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