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40
I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SWEDEN.
localities, viz. Grythyttan in Vestmanland, Vestanå in north-eastern
Skåne, and Los in Helsingland, some rocks belonging to the youngest
Archaean strata are found, that have been recognized as being altered
sedimentary deposits (clay-slate, schistose conglomerate, and volcanic
sediment), still retaining many marks of their original aqueous origin.
As mentioned already, the ore-deposits of Sweden are mostly found
in the formations of granulitic gneiss, »hälleflinta», and crystalline
limestone. The majority of the ore-deposits consist of iron-ore, and these
are very numerous in the old mining-districts of Central Sweden, viz.
in Vestmanland and the neighbouring parts of eastern Vermland and
southern Dalarne. Several iron-ore mines are also found in northern
Uppland, central Södermanland, and Östergötland. In the most northerly
part of the country are found the enormous iron-ore mountains
Kirunavara, Luossavara, and Gellivare, also Ruotivare and Svappavara. Next
to the iron-ores the copper-ores, generally copper-pyrites, are most
important. The chief copper-pyrite deposit in Sweden, and indeed among
the most important in the world, is that which for nearly seven
hundred years has been worked at Falun in Dalarne. Copper pyrite is
now worked to a considerable amount also in the mines of Åtvidaberg
and Bärsbo in Östergötland, but the same kind of ore is found and has
formerly been made use of at several other mines. At Sjangeli in the
vicinity of the lake Torneträsk in Lappland copper-ore of a different
composition is found, viz. the gray copper-ore or copper-glance.
Tännforsen Falls in Jemtland.
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