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STATE FINANCES.
205
Another peculiar feature with regard to financial administration
arose from the nature of the old Swedish military tenure establishment
(Indelningsverket). On that system, the occupiers of certain farms
were required by payments in kind to support the army; consequently
that portion of the military expenditure found no place in the budget
estimates. In 1885, however, this burden was considerably reduced;
from 1893 inclusive, a progressive compensation has been paid by the
State; in 1901, finally, the whole system was abolished. The above
mentioned compensation making its appearance in the budget in due
course, accounts partly for the great increase in the Swedish budget
estimates for land defense during the last few years.
The total amounts of State Expenditure during the period 1866/
1900, so far as entered in the budget estimates, appear in Table 32.
Table 32. National expenditure for the yean 1866/1900} (A krona = l-io shill.).
Average for the years Mean
population. Expenditure of the State. Kronor. Per inhab. Kronor. Expenditure. Kronor.
Army and Nayy.’ National Debt.* Other.
’; 1866/70..................4,166,000 48,637,000 11-67 16,762,000 5,208,000 26,667,000
i 1871/75..................4,274.000 56,684,000 13-27 20,135,000 6,148,000 30,401,000
1876/80 ..................4,500,000 76.860,000 17-08 27,358,000 9,117,000 40,375,000
1881/85 ..................4,605.000 81,222,000 17 64 26,998,000 9,515,000 44,709,000
1886,90 ..................4,742,000 91,153,000 19 22 29,670,000 10,069,000 51,414,000
1891/95.........1 4,832.000 102,497,000 21-21 34,414,000 9,947,000 58,136,000
1896 00...........5,032,000 127,888,000 25 41 46,416,000 9,053,000 72,419,000
In 1900........i 5,117.000 151,074,000 2952 58,019,000 8,565,000 84,490,000
In the budget estimates a distinction is made between so-called
ordinary and extraordinary expenditure. The former category, embracing
sums assigned to be paid year by year, does not admit of alteration
or abolishment without the consent of Government; this, however, is
not clearly stated in the constitutional laws. — The great bulk of
public expenditure is classified in ten (before 1901, nine) separate Heads
(Hufvudtitlar), the first of which is the Civil List, the tenth the Pension
List, while the remaning eight correspond to the eight government
departments. The payments made by the National Debt Board are not, however,
included in the ten >Heads>, and the same is the case with a number of
other grants of a more occasional character. Compare further Table 33.
1 Actual amounts (not budget estimates). Daring the years 1869/78 the working
expenses of the state railways were also put down in the account of national expenditure;
likewise during the years 1866/76 the grants made for the construction of new railways
and obtained by borrowing. For the sake of comparison with later periods these items
are omitted from the table above. On the other hand, for the same purpose, the outgoing
payments on behalf of the telegraph service for the years 1866/71 have been added, and
the payments from the National Debt Board for the years 1866/76. Some other small
differences have been neglected. — * Military pensions excluded. That the considerable
increase of låte years is in part only apparent, is shown by what has been said in the
text above. — * Interest and amortizations, but interests received deducted; the latter now
amount to more than 3 million kronor yearly, for several state loans have been transferred
as loam to private railway companies.
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