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HYGIENE AND CARE OF THE SICK.
237
Hygiene and Care of the sick.
There is no mention of doctors in the History of Sweden before
ihe 16th century. They were educated at medical schools abroad, and
employed partly in the service of the Court and wealthy nobility,
partly in that of the army. They constituted no union, and were
independent of any medical authority. It was not till long afterwards
that traces appear of a regulated medical service. Some doctors
practising in Stockholm obtained by humble petition the right of
establishing a collegium medicorum, which was endowed with certain
privileges in 1663, during the regency of Charles XI; and out of this
originally private clique of physicians gradually developed the legal
authority that has to superintend the hygiene and medical treatment
of the kingdom.
The control of the entire medical administration of Sweden,
together with the Civil and Military establishments pertaining thereto,
is vested in the Royal Medical Department This is composed of
a President, termed Director General, and five Medical Councilors.
Among these, one is Surgeon General and one a Veterinary Surgeon
for controlling matters affecting that special branch of administration.
These officials are appointed by the King.
Everyone who has taken the degree of Licentiate in Medicine
has a right to practise as a physician. The Swedish University
Medical Course is a long one, averaging about 11 years, and, generally
speaking, a man seldom completes his studies before he is thirty.
Since 1870, the right öf practising medicine has been granted to women
also. Students receive the requisite training at the two Universities of
Uppsala and Lund, as well as at the Caroline Institute of Stockholm.
Table 37. Staff and Institutions for medical relief.
At the end of Total of Per 100,000 inhabitants.
[-Physicians. Mid-wives. Infirmaries*. Sickbeds».-]
{+Physi- cians. Mid- wives. Infir- maries*. Sick- beds».+} Chemists’ shops. [-Physicians. Mid-wives. Sickbeds.-] {+Physi- cians. Mid- wives. Sick- beds.+} Chemists’ shops.
1860............... 445 1,525 48 2,904 159 11-5 39 5 75 4-12
1865............... 505 1,717 57 3,493 187 123 41-7 85 455
’ 1870............... 560 1,864 77 4,466 200 13-4 447 107 4 80
1875............... 549 2,151 93 4,793 227 12-5 491 109 518
1880............... 555 2,264 108 5,967 234 122 498 131 512
1885............... 634 2,377 122 6,485 245 13-3 508 138 5 23
1890............... 806 2,478 127 7,111 259 168 51-8 149 5-41
1895............... 1,002 2,626 137 7,821 297 20-4 534 159 604
1900............... 1,131 2,782 145 9,114 323 220 542 177 629 |
* Military hospitals, lying-in hospitals, children’s hospitals, and lunatic asylums not
included.
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