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254 iii. constitution and administration of sweden.
Table 43. Relief of the poor during 1876/95 and in 1899.
Average for the years Mean population. Persons enjoying parochial relief. Per 1,000 inh. Expenditure. Kronor. *
Direct. Indirect. * Total. In >11. Per lab.
1876/80 ..............4,500,000 150,894 52,726 203,120 46 2 7,377,000 164
1881/86 ..............4,605,000 162,418 61,280 223,698 48-6 8,656,000 188
1886/90 ..............4,742,000 172,233 64,706 230,939 50 0 9,536,000 2 01
1891/95 ..............4,832,000 181,813 71,847 2S3,0«0 525 11,613,000 2-40
In 1899 ..............5,080,000 174,351 62,035 236,380 465 13,804,000 " 272
these were, later on, converted into hospitals and workhouses. At the Reformation
the tithes were confiscated by the State, and the obligation to look after the Poor
gradually devolved on the communities. Begging in public was allowed in Sweden
up to the passing of the first Public Poor Relief Bill on May 25, 1847.
A) Public Poor Belief. According to the present Poor Law
Relief Bill, passed on the 9th of June 1871 (with a few alterations
afterwards), every community constitutes a body for the relief of the poor.
The request for poor relief is to be made by the community in which
the petitioner is living; but the costs of such relief have to be defrayed
by the community where the petitioner is domiciled. Such needful
relief must be afforded to minors and others who through old age,
sickness, infirmity, or bodily defects are incapable of earning a living or
are devoid of means of their own, and have none to take care of them.
Support may be granted in other cases after due investigation by the
Poor Law Board. Every able-bodied person is bound to maintain
himself and such children of his as are under age; every able-bodied
person must support his wife. Parents and children must support one
another in proportion to their needs and capabilities. Menial servants
and other labourers, their wives, and children under age, must be
maintained by their masters during the period of service for which they are
engaged.
. In the country communities, the general executive authority
(Kommunalnämnden) constitutes the Board of Guardians where no special such Board is
established, which is seldom the case. In towns, a Board of Guardians
consisting of at least five persons is elected, as a rule, for four years. The rector of
the parish is ipso facto member of the Board (in towns as well as in the country);
women can be elected members of special Boards (since 1889), but not of the
Kommunalnämnd.
A Swedish citizen acquires domicile (vide supra) in the community where he
has last been assessed for taxes. After the age of 60, a person retains ever
afterwards the domicile he had when reaching that age. A wife has the same domicile
as her husband. Legitimate children under age have their father’s domicile, but,
in the case of his death, their mother’s. Illegitimate children under age have their
mother’s. If a person who migrates to a community’ has for himself, his wife, or
children, the year previous or subsequent, been in receipt of poor-relief from the
1 Children of parents enjoying parochial relief. — * A krona (plnr. kronor) = 1-10
shilling = 0 268 dollar.
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