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278
iii. constitution and administration of sweden.
a rather heavy excise duty was imposed — of 19 öre per liter of
spirit, * which duty already in 1857 was raised to 23 öre, in 1867
increased further to 27 öre, in 1871 to 31, in 1879 to 38, in 1882 to
40, and, finally, in 1888, to 50 ore. In addition to this, a minimum
manufacture of about 8 hectoliters of spirit per diem (reduced in
1871 to about 5 hectoliters; an hectoliter = 22 imp. gallons) was
enjoined. To limit this manufacture still further, the same was only
allowed for 2 months in the year — a period, however, afterwards
extended several times, and since 1871 comprising 7 months.
How the distillation of spirits in Sweden, also has become concentrated only
on a few greater factories, replacing the »home distillation» of former times, is
shown from the fact that the places where spirit was made, amounted in 1829
to 172,124, and in 1850 to 43,947, whereas their numbers in 1861 were come
down to 590, and in 1900 to 131. In 1829, the average amount manufactured
at each distillery can probably not have exceeded 7 or 8 hectoliters, and in 1850
it was about 20 hectoliters; whereas, in 1861, it had risen to more than 600
hectoliters, and in 1900 to nearly 3,500.
"With regard to the sale of spirits, the legislation of 1855 left the
wholesale trade free, while limiting it to 40 liters. As this regulation
was evaded by collusive clubbing, the minimum was later on raised to
250 liters (i. e. 55 imp. gallons). The sale in smaller consignments was
divided into retail- and bar-trade. The retailer was not allowed to sell
a smaller quantity than 1*3 liter of spirit (now 1 liter, or 0-2 2 imp. gallon),
and that only for fetching it away, not for consumption on the spot.
The bar-trade again means the actual public-house business.
Both retail and bar-trade can only be carried on with the consent
of the community. The Governor can, however, for short periods grant
a license to sell by retail for consumption on the premises — at
watering-places, on passenger steamers etc., though now no more in places where
troops are massed. With regard to the times for opening and closing
public-houses, etc., minute injunctions, which have gradually become
more and more stringent, have been laid down.
At present, spirit retail business may only be carried on, on week days between
8 a. m. and 7 p. in., and bar-trade likewise on week days from 9 a. m. to 8
p. m. (in towns till 10 p. m.); on Sundays spirits may only be served at mealtimes
to guests who are taking their meals. These regulations can, however, be
somewhat modified by the Governor or the communal authorities, when necessitated by
special circumstances. — Spirits are not to be sold to minors or persons
intoxicated, and no claim incurred by selling spirits upon trust can be recovered in court.
A considerable tax is imposed on the sale no less than on the make
of spirits, at present levied at the rate of 15 öre per liter* on the amount
of spirits at which the publican offers to be assessed. Where the
community has permitted trading in spirits and this is not handed over to
* Here and everywhere below is meant spirit holding 50 % alcohol. An öre = Ol 32
penny = 0 268 cent, or 7’/a öre = 1 penny. An öre per liter = */» penny per imp. gaUon
= 1 cent per winch, gallon.
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