Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - First part - IV. Education and Mental Culture - 1. Popular Education - Workshops for Children, by Prof. G. Retzius, M. D., Stockholm - Education of abnormals, and of neglected children - Schools for the Deaf and Dumb, by Fr. Nordin, Principal, Venersborg
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SCHOOLS FOR ABNORMALS.
305
chip plaits for hats, and baskets; besides, they weave, make dresses and
underclothes, etc., and also learn to mend their own garments. In the parishes of Klara
and Östermalm, the shops are combined with a school kitchen; in all the shops
the children help in the kitchen and assist in sweeping and dusting the rooms.
The children are also allowed to take home materials for sundry easy works,
which they do at home and for which they are paid out of the means of the workshop;
their wages are put into the Post Office Savings bank for them. On such
homework, which is highly in demand amongst the children and given as an
encouragement and reward only to the good and most industrious, they can earn from 8 to 20
kronor a term. The average cost for each child in the workshops of Stockholm
was during the first ten years 13" 7 o kronor per annum, but has somewhat
increased these last years. The number of children in the 12 workshops of
Stockholm is from 60 up to 262 in each.
Workshops have been started also in other Swedish towns, at present
reaching the number of 33. They are organized on the same principles as those of
Stockholm. At their foundation, they get for the first setting-up a grant of
700—1,000 kronor from the Institution Lars Hierta’s Memorial Funds.
During the sixteen years that have elapsed since such workshops began, the
moral and educational value of manual training has been proved. The good results
of the work have also become obvious and are generally acknowledged. In the
capital alone, about 1,600 of the poorest children have in these workshops, during
their leisure hours, found a refuge, where they are put to a useful occupation instead
of- roaming about in the streets and markets and being exposed to the
temptation of begging and pilfering. The workshops, where the children besides enjoying
motherly care and education, acquire manual skill and quickness of perception
and learn useful trades, have proved one of the best preventive means against the
ragrancy and criminality of the young. Thousands of children, amongst whom
many come from the worst of homes, have thus been brought into safety Without
having had to be taken from their parents and put into orphanages, or
reformatory ok industrial schools.
Concerning the workshops and the activity displayed in them, minute
information is imparted in a work published 1897 by Mrs. Anna Hierta-Retzius.
Education of abnorm als, and of neglected children.
Schools for the Deaf and Dnmb. About 1760, just when l’Abbé de
l’Épée in France and Heinicke in Germany were laying the foundations for
instructing the deaf and dumb in these countries, Abraham Argillander — without
knowing anything of their’work — was occupied with the same scheme in Finland
(at that time a part of Sweden), and discovered a system which, in its main features,
agreed with Heinicke’s, and was essentially what is now called the articulation
method of the deaf and dumb. After sporadic efforts, a regular system of
instructing the deaf and dumb was founded in Sweden by Per Aron Borg in 1809.
Up to 1864, this teaching (connected with the instruction of the blind) was
concentrated at the institution founded by him at Manilla in Stockholm, which soon
became a State establishment. Its work was carried on chiefly in accordance with
the methods of the French school. Dnring the period of 1864/89, a number of new
establishments of a private nature arose, and efforts were made to extend the
instruction to all deaf and dumb children, and at the same time vigorous attempts
were made to introduce the deaf and dumb articulation method. By a statute
passed on the 31st of May 1889 a new era at last began, which, in respect to
the education of deaf-mutes, puts Sweden in the fore-front of European nations.
Sweden. 20
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