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THE STATE UNIVERSITIES.
333
3. higher education.
Sweden has two State Universities, viz., in Uppsala, founded 1477
(the oldest in Scandinavia), and in I>und, founded 1668, chiefly with a
view to promote a closer union of the provinces then newly acquired
from Denmark with the rest of Sweden. Both universities are thus —
as in England — located in country-towns. To make up for the lack
of a State university in Stockholm, the capital, private munificence
has there established a private university; the same thing has been
done also in Gothenburg, the second city of Sweden. Besides this,
there has existed in Stockholm, since 1815, a medical faculty, the
Caroline Institute, founded and supported by the State.
In proportion to its population, Sweden is thus quite well supplied with
higher scientific institutions. Beyond the borders of Sweden there exist two other
universities, once founded by the Swedish government, viz., the University of
Helsingfors, in Finland, founded in 1627 (originally in Åbo), and the University
of Dorpat in Lifland, founded in 1632, the oldest university of Russia. Besides,
the University of Greifswald in Pomerania was a Swedish institution from 1648
until 1815. In our days the Swedes in America have founded, aside from various
theological seminaries,, several higher collegiate institutions. The graduates of
Augustana College and Theological Seminary at Röck Island, Illinois, Bethany
College at Lindsborg, Kansas, and Gustavus Adolphus College at St. Peter,
Minnesota, are privileged to enter the universities of Sweden. The Augustana
College seems to be gradually developing into a real university.
The State Universities.
The universities established by the State are, as already mentioned,
the two complete Universities of Uppsala and Lund, and the Caroline
Institute in Stockholm, the last-named forming only a medical faculty,
the greatest of its kind in the country. Like the other State Schools,
these institutions also range under the Ecclesiastical Department.
According to statutes of January 10, 1877 (with some amendments of 1891),
the highest superintendence of the Universities and the Caroline Institute is
exercised by a Chancellor appointed by the Government on nomination by electors from
the three institutions. The chancellor watches over the observance of the statutes,
issues instructions respecting the administration of the finances and estates of the
universities, and recommends finally and officially in questions of appointments
and, on the whole, in all snch measures concerning the universities as are
submitted to the decision of the Government. He does not receive any salary but
is entitled to appoint a salaried chancellor s secretary for his office. The
representative of the chancellor and, in certain cases, an intermediate authority between
hirn and the local academical authorities is the vice-chancellor, whose office is
filled at the University of Uppsala by the Archbishop, and at the University of
Lund by the Bishop of the diocese of Lund.
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