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PHILOLOGY.
435
Boyal Theater», been delivered over to a company, that against the benefit of a
State subvention has undertaken to maintain the artistical traditions of the former
royal theaters. As aforesaid, there are also a number of private permanent theaters,
the principal of which (five in Stockholm and one in Gothenburg) are directed
by A. Ranft (born 1858), who has made praiseworthy and successful exertions of
holding dramatic art on a high standard.
Among our present actors ought to be mentioned: I. A. Lindberg (born
1846), E. Hillberg (born 1852), T. Svennberg (born 1858), O. Eliasson (born
1863), Mrs. J. Håkansson (born 1853), Mrs. L. Fahlman (born 1856), Mrs.
L. Sandell (born 1861), Miss G. lindequist (born 1871) as representatives for
tragic characters or higher dramatic tasks. Prominent in the comic branch are
G. Bergström (born 1837), N. Personne (bora 1850), J. Riego (born 1852),
O. Bæckström (born 1854), and Miss T. Åhlander (born 1855). As primo
amorosos B. A. Palme (born 1856) and A. de Wahl (born 1869) are distinguished
representatives. Of låte, E. Fastbom (born 1871; also successful author of popular
works for the stage), Mrs. H. Bosse (born 1878) and Miss A. Torsell (born 1879)
have attracted attention.
Concerning lyrical dramatic art, the reader will have to refer to the above
article about Music.
10. SCIENCE.
The summary review here presented of the historical development
in our country of the particular branches of Science, cannot naturally
pretend to be in any way exhaustive, but has as its object only to
hold forth the more distinguishing features of it. Particularly as
regards investigators and scientific men still in activity, the
significance of their work can only imperfectly be presented, inasmuch as a
full insight into this necessarily ig a matter of the future. — As to the
order in which the different branches are taken up, the old division into
faculties, in vogue at our universities, is the one most nearly followed.
Theology.
The interest in culture aroused in Sweden during the Middle Ages was,
as elsewhere, bound up with the Church and the Cloisters, and sought its
nourishment more particularly at foreign Universities and in foreign literature,
wherein mysticism preponderated. Only in the circle where stands St. Bridget
(† 1373) as the central personality, an independent production becomes apparent.
No Swedish writer of the Middle Ages has displayed greater literary activity
than Bridget herself. The importance of her writings does not lie in new
religions ideas or their theoretical development, but in highly imaginative mysticism
and practical religious force.
The theological work of the Reformation period is especially represented by
the brothers Olaus Petri (1493/1552) and Laurentius Petri (1499/1573) and
is essentially of practically ecclesiastical import. A remarkable work is the
translations into Swedish of the Bible (New Testament 1526; whole Bible 1541),
which takes a prominent place among the translations of the time, and has had
considerable influence on the Swedish language and general culture.
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