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SCIENTIFIC TRAVELS. GEOGRAPHY. 493
of Northern Asia and Greenland previously unknown, have been mapped out for
the first time, and, furthernfore, very important contributions have been made
to the general knowledge of the whole Polar region from Baffin’s Bay in the
West to the Behring Straits in the East. Besides those who have actually taken
active part in one or other -of the expeditions, two other names must be
mentioned of men who by their munificent support have rendered great service to
arctic exploration, viz.: H. M. King Oscar II and Oscar Dickson (1823/97).
In other parts of the world, also, Swedish explorers have been busy within the last
part of the 19th century. We have not space here to do more than record some of the
most important among these labours.
In Asia. Scen Iledin (born 1865)
has made two journeys in Persia 1885/
86 and 1890 91, and two through
Central Asia. On the first journey in
Central Asia (1893/97), he traversed,
partly on paths till then untrodden,
Pamir, the Takla-makan Desert, the
Tarim Valley, and North Thibet,
and then returned through
Mongolia and Siberia. In 1899/02, Hedin
accomplished his latest and greatest
journey; he navigated the Tarim River
on a ferry boat for 1,500 miles,
mapped all the region of ancient
Lop-nor, and discovered most important
rains in this part of Asia from the
3rd century A. D. Then he crossed
Thibet on six different lines and tried
to reach Lassa in disguise. The
popolar description of this journey
is also published in England. The
scientific results are extremely rich,
and a map of the whole road has been
made in no less than 1,149 sheets.
— Ethnographical research has been
carried on bv Hj. Stolpe (born 1841)
in India and by F. Martin in Russian Asia, geological bv Hj. Sjögren (born
1*56) in the Caucasus and the Transcaspian countries.
Afriea has tempted many Swedish explorers and travelers. Wahlberg’s mantle
»as assumed by Charles Andersson (1827/67), who traveled 1850/67 through
the Damara and Ovambo Territories. His activity as a commercial man and as
a collector of natural history objects, etc., has been continued by A. Ericsson. In
’he service of the recently constituted Congo State, numbers of Swedes have been
engaged. Of those who have won a reputation by their published writings, or
the collections they have made, relative to Africa may be mentioned: E.
Glee-r»p (born 1860), P. Möller (born 1858), G. Fågels (1855/91), A. Wester
(born 1856), M. Juhlin-Dän»felt (1859/97), and H. il. v. Schwerin (born 1853).
In the Kamerun Territory G. Waldau (born 1862) and K. Knutson (born 1857)
hare done similar work to that effected by A. Ericsson further south. In Sudan
L. Jägerskiöld (born 1867) has made, in 1901, a scientific expedition.
In Sontb America. Anders Regnell (1807/84), a Swedish physician, took
up his residence in Brazil in the year 1840, and during the remainder of his life
tooted himself with the greatest success to promoting the study of Brazilian natural
kistory; he also gave large sums of money during his lifetime and by will, to
Sven Hedin.
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