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498
V. INDUSTRIES OF SWEDEN. A GENERAL SURVEY.
Following upon this preliminary survey of the country as being the
scene of the various activities in pursuit of a livelihood of its
inhabitants, there may be adduced here certain data concerning those
inhabitants themselves, arranged in groups according to the several
branches of industry in which they are principally engaged and from
which they derive their subsistence. Table 55 classifies the Swedish
population into main groups according to their professions at different
dates during the course of the last few decades.
Table 55. Population of Sweden by greater groups of profession.
I Professions. Population. Per cent.
In 1870. In 1890. In 1900.1 1870. 1890. 1900.
I Agriculture and fishing..... 2,995,844 2,914,984 2,841,000 7187 6092 55-35
Industry8........................ 613,414 1,087,072 1.391,000 1471 22-72 27 08
’ Trade and transport......... 210,940 426,911 530,000 506 892 10-47
1 Public service, etc.®.......... 348,327 356.014 366,000 8-86 744 7 13
Total 4,1*8,525 4,784,»81 5,13«,000 iee 10» IM
These two Tables, dealing with Land and People, afford, as it were,
a chart of the industries and occupations of the people of the country,
not only as to what they now are, but what they were in the past and
what they show signs of developing into in the future. In rough
outline, a picture may here be obtained of the present industrial life
of the country.
It will be observed that Agriculture is one of the main industries
in Sweden, where it has from olden times gone by the honourable
name of the mother (or staple) industry. There is certainly no more
than 12 % of the total landarea of the country at present given up to
tillage and meadows, whereas in Western Europe the average is 44
but the vast extent of Sweden in comparison to its population must be
borne in mind. Sweden possesses about 1 hectare of land under culture,
or meadow, for every inhabitant, whereas Western Europe has only
about V» hectare on an average. These figures show plainly that the
cultivation of the land plays a more important part in the industrial
life of Sweden than in the generality of Western European States.
Table 55, however, shows us too, that agriculture is fast decreasing il
importance, here as elsewhere. Not merely is the number of those
engaged in and earning their livelihood by agricultural pursuits
relatively smaller than it was 30 years ago; this is actually absolutely
1 Approximate calculation. — s Mining and forestry inclusive. — 1 Professions of »fl
and literature, physicians, etc., inclusive.
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