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THE CULTIVATION OF CEREALS.
525
Next to Skåne our most important cereal districts are the plains
surrounding the great lakes of Central Sweden, occupying larger or
smaller parts of the Läns of Uppsala, Vestmanland, Södermanland,
Örebro, Östergötland, and Skaraborg — together with the two islands of
Gotland and Öland.
Sweden produced, on an average for the years 1891/95, per every head
of the inhabitants, the following quantities, in kilograms, of the
principal kinds of cereals; a comparison with some other countries is also made.
Wheat. Eye. Barley. Oats. Total.
Sweden........................... 24 116 66 229 434
Great Britain and Ireland... 42 1 45 77 18}
The German Empire......... 73 153 55 116 3M
France........................... 211 45 29 106 3»!
Western Europe............... 95 62 41 78 276
Eastern Europe................ 115 141 54 79 386
United States of America... 213 11 26 157 407
As regards all these kinds of corn, Sweden’s production may be
considered as relatively pretty high, with the single exception of wheat,
the cultivation of which is confined by climatic conditions to the central
and southern parts of the country.
Seed is sown pretty thickly in Sweden as a rule, as is generally
the case in Northern Europe. Rye is an exception to this in certain
parts of Sweden, being sown very thinly in Northern Sweden, Finnish
stove-dried seed being used. Reckoning in hectoliters, there are sown
on an average in Sweden, per hectare: of wheat 2-37, of rye 2-64, of
barley 3-n, and of oats 4-o7 hl., given approximately.8 In comparison
with the average for Western Europe we sow, in Sweden, wheat 35 %
more thickly, rye 28 %, barley 39 •/. and oats 37 %. The reason of
these differences is really unknown. It has been ascribed to climatic
causes, which should seem a good explanation, but the variations in
different parts of Sweden scarcely point in that direction. — An
account is given in a special section in the following pages of the
extensive measures taken in our country for the improvement of seed.
Table 64. Synopsis of the cultivation of grain in Sweden, 19th Century.
Average for the years Sown field. Hectares. Crop etc. of all cereals. Quintals (& 1’97 cwts). Crop per hect. Quintals. *
Crop. Need. Surplus or deficit. 1 Sowing. [-Consumption.-] {+Consump- tion.+}
1801/20 552,150 6,620,000 6.960,000 340,000 I 1,187,000 5,773,000 12 0
1821/40 724,300 9.025,000 9.040.000 15,000 | 1,560.000 7,480,000 12*5
1841/60 911,000 12,043,000 11,589,000 454,000 ! 1,963,000 9,626,000 13-2
1861/80 1,289,926 17,225,000 16,207,000 1,018,000 i 2,770,000 13,437.000 13 4
1881/90 1,565,992 21,392,000 21.823,000 431,000 I 3,22<i,000 18,594,000 13 7
1891/00 1,687,765 23.429,000 25,399,000 1,970,000 | 3,416,000 21,983,000 13 9
1 The heavy figures show the surplus (of export); the others, the deficit (i. e. the
surplus of import). — 1 The figures for former years are extremely uncertain. The
comparatively small increase is due to the extension of oat-cultivation, this grain yielding
leaa per hectare than the others. A quintal per hectare = 0 8 cwt. per acre. — 3 An
hectoliter per hectare = I’ll bushel per acre (1’15 winch, bushel).
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