Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - VI. Agriculture and Cattle-Breeding - 1. Agriculture. Partly after information from P. Lundell, Ebbetorp, Member of the Riksdag - Agricultural Machinery and Implements
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS.
543
made of hard steel, which is to be sharpened; never of steel so little hardened
that an edge can be hammered out instead of its being sharpened, as is the
case in many countries.— Risingh, as early as 1670, speculated upon
harvesting-machines in the form of waggons with many scythes. Satisfactory constructions
both of mowing and of harvesting-machines were developed in America before
1850, and reached Sweden towards the end of the decade then beginning, but
it was not till in the seventies that they came into more general use.
Nowadays mowing-machines are found, not only on all the great farms but also upon
a great number of the smaller ones; it is only in stony wood-districts they are
not used. In Norrland they are very general. Amongst the har vesting-machines
those first introduced, with the sheaves to be removed by hand, have kept their
place, side by side with the somewhat later introduced self-deliverer, where a
rake, with a circular motion, is affixed, which sweeps off the sheaves gathered
upon the board of the machine. A Swedish modification of the American types
is the Palmcrantz one, which, however, is not generally used. Self-binders have, of
låte years, come more and more into use.
Horse-rakes of wood, or of wood with iron pins, have been used in level
districts for a long period. The English horse-rake, on wheels, and of iron,
began to be introduced and manufactured in Sweden about 1850, but never came
into any very general use before the improved American model commenced to be
imported about 1870. This horse-rake is, perhaps, the implement which, in
consequence of its light make and the excellence of the slender material, has most
quickly gained recognition, both as regards durability and saving of labour; it
is now found everywhere in Sweden.
Threshing-machines. During the first half of the 18th century many
speculations were indulged in respecting the construction of a machine suitable for
threshing, and such machines of different forms, some with flails, some with
stampers or rollers, and driven by horse or water-power, were constructed in
Sweden. These machines did not come into any very general use, however. It
was only since the so-called threshing-mills, invented in Scotland about 1790,
commenced to be imported and used here, that threshing-machines began to spread
about the country; few were built before 1800, but about 1820 they were in
pretty general use on large estates, and, in Gotland, on smaller farms, too.
These threshing-machines were stationary, with great, heavy wheels of wood,
and but little iron was used in their construction. It was not till they were
made smaller, with iron wheels and moveable, that they came into more general
use. During the seventies and eighties, the threshing-machine may be said to
have found its way to every farm in Sweden. Steam threshing-machines came
into the country at the end of the fifties, increased greatly in use during the
seventies, and during the last decade have begun to be generally purchased, even
by small farmers, who form companies for this purpose, with sometimes as many
as 20 share-holders. The Swedish manufacture of steam threshing-machines was
commenced as early as in the sixties by Munktell in Eskilstuna and many others,
and is now pretty extensive. The principle of all the newer kinds of
threshing-machines is, however, always the same as that of the original Scotch machine,
although the pegdrum threshing-machine presents several differences.
Winnowing-machlnes. As early as the middle of the 18th century,
winnowing-machines are described by Brauner, and he mentions one, constructed by Sven
Ljungquist, as being the best. In the proceedings of the Royal Academy of
Sciences for 1763, a winnowing-machine, invented by Count Cronstedt, is described
and illustrated. Winnowing-machines with both riddle and fan came into use
about the decade 1861/70, and are now in general use. It is now only
exceptionally that they are put in connection with horse-gear threshing-machines, but are
considered as natural appendages to steam threshing-machines.
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
