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DAIRIES AND DAIRY-FARMING.
571
3. DAIRIES AND DAIRY-FARMING.
Dairy-farming in Sweden has a history extending over well-nigh
seven centuries. At the close of the 16th century cattle-rearing and the
production of butter and cheese were important and remunerative
branches of industry, though after that time stagnation and
retrogression set in, and it was not until within the past 30 or 40 years that
dairying again became one of the best and most lucrative branches
of farming in Sweden.
Amount of Silk Produced. All the animals classed in the official
statistics under the heading of cows, that is to say, all females of two years or
upwards, cannot be counted as milk-yielding, only about 85 % of them,
probably, being actually in milk. The stock of milk cows has annually increased
during the past decades, but the power of yielding has also been constantly
improved by means of more careful culture, and selection of breed, closer attention
to the principles of scientific feeding, and superior tending in various ways. In
1875 the average annual yield of all the cows actually in milk cannot, probably,
be estimated as having exceeded 1,200 kilograms, in 1885, however, it was probably
1,400 kilograms, while at present it is 1,800 kilograms. On this estimate the
supply of milk in the country for the whole year may be calculated in round
numbers as amounting in 1875 to 1,400 million kilograms, in 1885 to 1,850
million kilograms, in 1895 to 2,450 million kilograms, and in 1900 to 2,750
million kilograms. At the price of 7 öre per kilogram the gross value of the milk
produced in the country annually would at present be about 192-5 million kronor.
The Uses to which the Milk is applied. Milk is used for human food,
for the rearing and fattening af calves and other young animals, and also in the
production of butter and cheese. In Sweden there is no production of preserved
milk in any form, or of milk-powder, etc., nor are milk and cream exported
from the country to any appreciable extent. The quantities that are allotted
to each of the above given uses, to which milk is applied, can only be given
very roughly.
Table 79. Sweden’s imports and exports of Butter and cheese.
Kilograms à 2 204 lbs.
Average for the years Imports and exports of Batter. Imp. and exp. of Cheese.
Imports. Exports. Excess of
imports (—) or exports ( + ). Per
inhabitant. Imports. Exports. Excess of imports.
1801/10... 38,420 3,570 — 34,850 — Ooi 328,770 13,720 315,050
1811/20... 284,680 16,070 - 268,610 — 019 261,370 7,290 254,080
1821/30... 844,910 14,290 — 830,620 — 080 284,700 500 284,200
1831/40... 726,460 7,520 — 718,940 — 0 24 157,370 790 156,580
1841/50... 230,500 11,130 - 219,370 — 007 80,460 840 79,620
1861/60... 432,580 19,110 — 413,470 — Oil 372,290 7,800 364,490
1861/70... 1,209,760 661,060 — 548,700 — 018 419,770 59,910 359,860
1871/80... 1,960390 3,674,910 + 1,714,520 + 0 39 615,360 147,100 468,260
1881/90... 2,521350 11,057,880 -t- 8,536,530 + 1’88 395,080 158,330 236,750
1891/00... 730,258 21,142,549 + 20,412,291 + 414 258,320 102,300 156,020
In 1900... 497,450 19,162,783 + 18,665,333 + 3 65 322,323 4,155 818,168
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