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592
VI. AGRICDLTURE AND CATTLE-BREEDING OF SWEDEN.
scientific basis, appeared in the early forties and proved epoch-making; these,
together with those of the author’s contemporaries, such as Boussingault, Lawes,
Gilbert, Weckerlin, Wolff, etc., soon made their way to Sweden and produced a
very marked effect.
Among those who have contributed most effectively towards the
advancement of Swedish agriculture by disseminating the knowledge of modern methods
of work based on the principles of Natural Science, may be mentioned: Joh.
Arrhenius (1811/89), University Lecturer on Botany, Principal of the
Agricultural High School at Ultuna (1848/63), and Secretary of the Academy of
Agriculture; by editing The Journal of Rural and Communal Economics
(1840/61), The Handbook of Swedish Farming, and subsequently the Journal
issued by the Academy of Agriculture, and also by writing a number of short
essays on agricultural topics, Arrhenius proved himself an exceedingly indefatigable
and valuable agent in the promotion of the best interests of farmers up and
down the country. J. Th. Bergelin (1822/64), a pupil of Nonnen, was a
contemporary of the last-named; his work on behalf of agriculture consisted principally
in his editing The Journal of Swedish Farming, The Quarterly Review of
Practical Fanning, etc., and in translating the works of Thaer, Kühn, Liebig, and
Vincent. Hjalmar Nathorst (1821/98) was somewhat later in the field; he filled
the offices of Principal at the Agricultural High School of Alnarp (1862/86), and
of Secretary at the Agricultural Society in the Län of Malmöhus. He was active
in many ways in the interests of agriculture: he was the author of a number of
manuals on stock-breeding, e. g., on cattle-rearing, on the rearing of pigs, and on
sheep-farming, and of numbers of shorter essays; he translated very largely from
the literatures of foreign countries on the same topics; he was, furthermore, a
talented lecturer and public speaker and keen debater; with all these multifarious
activities he may, in truth, be said to have been the most energetic and successful
advocate of the cause of modern agriculture, and has perhaps done more than any
one else in Sweden to foster its development
Horses have been dealt with in works by C. G. Wrangel (born 1839), a
well-known name even outside the bounds of Sweden, V. Nauckhoff (born 1839),
E. Abramson (born 1864), a specialist on the Ardennes breed, and others.
In the field of Agricultural Chemistry a great deal of work has been done
of considerable value. Hampus v. Post (born 1822), an eminent geologist and
botanist, and lecturer at Ultuna, proved himself possessed of originality, especially
as a conductor of experimental work and in such writings of his as Principles
of Farming-Chemistry etc.; his researches on the Swedish looser soils and his
creation of the accepted terminology for Swedish earth-varieties are among his
best contributions to agricultural science and redound greatly to his credit. —
No less noteworthy is the achievement of Alex. Muller (born 1828), the first
agricultural chemist appointed by the Academy of Agriculture, in 1856; his
achievements were not restricted to one, but touched upon almost all branches of the
science. The development of the method of soil-analysis that stands to his
account, the thorough study he gave to the earths, to methods of manuring and
to the cultivating of peat-mosses, the attention he paid to questions of urban
sanitation and wholesome drinking-water, etc., the results of all which were printed
in Swedish and German publications, establish him as an unusually energetic and
successful promotor of the cause which he had made his own, viz.: the
improvement of the science of agricultural chemistry. C. E. Bergstrand (born 1830),
also appointed agricultural chemist by the Academy of Agriculture, and the holder
of other posts of distinction, carried out a great deal of research-work, and wrote
a number of books, etc., of which may be mentioned The Principles of
Agricultural-Chemical Analysis, The Composition of Fodder-Stuffs, An Examination
of Stratified Marl, etc.
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