Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - VII. Forestry - 2. Forest Industries. By E. Arosenius, Ph. D., Royal Central Bureau of Statistics, Stockholm - Floating, by Th. Örtenblad, Chief Master of Forest, Umeå - Sawing and export
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SAWING AND EXPORT.
657
Usually the floating-way is divided into sections, and the cost is calculated
separately for each section. The floating in the upper sections is relatively more
expensive than in the lower ones.
Regarding the extent of the system of floating-ways in Sweden,
there are no complete returns. Meanwhile, we may here state that
the floating-ways of the Län of Vesternorrland measure more than 3,500
kilometers in length, not counting 1,000 kilometers of floatable
headwaters in other Läns ofrivers disemboguing in this Län. The floating-ways
in the Län of Kopparberg are estimated at 2,700 kilometers at the least.
Neither can any total statement be given as to the quantity of
floated timber. Returns are given below for some of the principal
water-courses, the timber floated being given by the piece, other
wood-goods being reduced into the floating-unit, »klampar».
Rivers.
Skellefteelf............................? ? 1.347,177 1,682,210
Umeelf......................................? ? 1,327,487 1,867,395
Moelfven..................................597,620 708,580 940,919 1,000,252
Angennanelfven................3,180,390 3,284,635 5,121,947 6,231,800
Indal selfven........................2,915,740 2,557,528 3,467,283 4,071,726
Gim&n..........................................930,490 705,434 ? ?
Ljungan....................................2,206,700 1,867,394 2,485,608 2,876,328
Klarelfven..............................? 1,129,176 1,460,686 1,603,030
On the River Ljusnan there were floated during the years 1891/95
on an average 804,000 saw-logs annually from the Län of Jemtland
alone, and consequently the whole amount floated in said river may
safely be estimated at one and a half million logs, at least. The timber
floated in the River Dalelfven reaches, in ordinary years, somewhat
more than three million logs (in 1901 even 5,400,000 logs).
Sawing and export.
When the floated timber has reached the saw-mill, it must first pass the
sorting-booms, where it is sorted according to size (into deal-logs, batten-logs,
etc.). By means of a windlass or capstan, the logs are now hauled up a sloping
bridge into the mill. One end of the log is then attached to a frame on wheels
(»log-carriage»), while the other end rests on a cylinder or roller near the
saw-blades. The latter are stretched in a strong swing-frame, which runs up
and down in the bearings of a pair of upright frames. The movement of the
swing-frame is produced by a rod secured to the lower edge of the frame and
whose other end is connected with a crank, which is caused to rotate by wheels.
By means of gearing connected with these, the log-carriage is led forward,
while the sawing is being done. On account of the evenness of Swedish
timber, it has not been found necessary to make use of band-saws, the working
up of the logs being made almost everywhere by gang-saws, such as described
above. The number of saw-blades in a frame depends upon the size of the logs
and the thickness of the boards to be sawn, so that the log is sawn up into
boards at its first passage through the frame, unless square-sawing is adopted,
which is frequently the case with large logs; in this case, the logs are first sawn
on two outer sides, before the sawing proper begins in the next frame.
Siceden. 42
Average
1886/90.
Average
1891/95.
Average
1896/1900.
In 1900.
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