Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - IX. Mining Industry and Metal Production - 2. The Iron and Steel Industry. By the late Prof. J. G. Wiborgh - Ingot iron (Steel)
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wrought iron.
735
Edsken until March 1866, when these works were abandoned. But
meantime a new company was formed, the Högbo Joint Stock Company,
Göransson becoming its manager, which company, in 1862/63, built new
iron works, Sandviken, with Bessemer works. Here the first tipping
furnaces were erected, the so-called Bessemer converters (according to
drawings by Bessemer), and the blows were conducted here by Messrs.
C. Lundvik and 0. Kollberg, the latter having by analyses and
scienti-fieal researches found out both the chemical process of this refining and
the conditions for carrying it out.
After the Bessemer process had proved a success at Edsken, the
same refining process began to be introduced at several other Swedish
iron works, which process seemed to be particularly well adapted for
oar country with its pure ores and waterfalls as a power. At all
these works, stationary Bessemer furnaces similar to those at Edsken
were built.
It took a long time, however, before the advantages expected from the new
process were realized.
The Swedish iron manufacture was at this time, as already mentioned,
distributed among a large number of smaller works, and there were no rolling
mills to work down the steel ingots, which therefore had to be exported,
and this became less and less profitable, the more Bessemer metal was
produced abroad. This, together with the circumstance that the old stationary
Bessemer furnaces proved less convenient than converters, caused the further
progress of the Bessemer process to be very slow, and even a large number of
Bessemer works already built were shut down. The Sandviken Bessemer works
made steady progress, however, and its manager, Mr. Göransson, built blooming,
merchant, and coldrolling mills, and also steam hammers, for the further
working of Bessemer metal to shafts, etc., and this very day Sandviken is still
the leading one of our Bessemer and Manufacturing works. Göransson has not
only worked out and introduced the Bessemer process into this country, but also
commenced turning Bessemer steel into products of different kinds on a very
large scale.
Gradually other iron works followed the example of Sandviken, and as the
most prominent Bessemer works at the present time may be mentioned
Sandviken, Domnarfvet, Hagfors, Iggesund, Björneborg, Vestanfors, etc., all of which
produce an excellent Bessemer steel, which they manufacture into finished products.
The Bessemer process in Sweden at the present time. The pig
iron used for the Bessemer process is generally a charcoal pig iron very
free from sulphur and phosphorus, which is taken direct from the
blast furnaces into the converter; remelting in cupolas is not practised.
The percentage of silicon in the pig iron varies from 0-6 % to 1 %, and
the manganese from l*s % to 2-5 %. A higher percentage of silicon and
manganese is only used in exceptional cases.
With a pig iron of this composition the blowing can be stopped
when the desired percentage of carbon is obtained and still a steel free
from silicon be produced, without blowing down to soft iron and then
recarbonizing with coal or pig iron, as customary abroad.
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