Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - IX. Mining Industry and Metal Production - 2. The Iron and Steel Industry. By the late Prof. J. G. Wiborgh - Ingot iron (Steel)
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750
ix. mining industky and metal production of swedes.
Sweden’s production of Ingot metal (steel), in the years 1866198-1
Tom. Tott,
300000 i 300000
amount of silicon in the charge ought therefore not to exceed 0’5 % and the
phosphorus not 0’2 2 %. After each tapping, the bottom of the hearth is repaired by
tilling all holes with dolomite-mass. Roofs and ports are built of Dinas-brick, and
magnesite brick is used as isolating substance between the basic and acid materials.
The charge in a basic furnace can be refined in a shorter time, 6 to 8 hours.
In order to remove red shortness, an addition of ferro-manganese is used here, as
in the acid process, but as manganese does not so easily oxidize, the amount of
such iron required is less. The reverse is the case with ferro-silicon, and
therefore, when such iron is to be used, it should be added in the ladle after the
metal is tapped. — The acid open-hearth is best suited for making steel castings,
while the basic is most suitable for the production of soft iron.
In 1901, there were 48 open-hearth furnaces in Sweden, the total output of
which was 190,877 tons of open-hearth metal, 80,097 of which were produced by
the basic process.
Blister steel. This method of making steel consists, as is well known,
in putting soft iron, low in carbon (bar iron), together with charcoal
powder into large box-shaped vessels, called chests, made of fire brick or
sandstone, after which the chests are heated, when the iron placed in them
takes up carbon and is changed into steel which is called blister steeL
Table 107. World’s production of Ingot metal (steel). Metric tons à 2,204 lb*.
Countries. Average 1871/75. Average 1881/85. Average 1886/90. Average 1891/95. Ä 1 *»1W0
Sweden..................... 17,144 63,763 122,289 173,465 274,374 1 300,536
Great Brit, and Irel.... 572,786 2,001,691 3,323,478 3,15(0,344 4,743,158 5,130,800
Belgium.................... 27,040 170,173 219,020 325,894 650,913 654,827
Germany................... 318,150 1,086,982 1,818,464 3,217,336 5,685,771 6.361,650
Austria-Hungary........ 45,300 "211,258 357,097 485,000 602,700 675,000
France...................... 168,064 492,301 514,600 674,800 1,405,702 1,624,048
■ Russia..................... 9,591 252,044 241,670 438,260 1,147,594 1,830.260
United States............. 207,498 1,679,257 3,343,844 4,748,773 8,589.287 10,382.0611
. Other countries.......... 25,000 25,000 225,000 383,400 532,2681 608,631
I Total 1,340,S73 5,982,469 10,165,462 113,577,272 | 23,931,797127,5*7,8»
1 In the years 1899/1902 the production has been resp. 273,000, 301.000, 270,000, »ni
287,000 metric tons.
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