Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - X. Manufacturing Industries. By Å. G. Ekstrand, Ph. D., Chief Engineer, Control Office of the Department of Finance - 8. Manufactures of Stone, Clay, Charcoal, and Peat - Cement and Mortar - Earthenware
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manufactured goods of stone, clay, charcoal, and peat.
839
great deal towards furthering the development of the cement industry in
Sweden. Swedish cement, under the name of Lomma oement, has,
moreover, found a market and considerable approval both in Europe and
America. In conjunction with the cement works at Lomma, a factory
has been established for oaBting articles in cement, as also in plaster and
asphalt. At other places in Sweden the natural conditions necessary for
cement manufacture are also to be found and have given rise to the
establishment of cement-works in the islands of Gotland and Öland,
and at Kinnekulle.
When first started, the Lomma cement-works produced 25,000 quintals
(à l’a7 cwts.), but in 1896 more than 400,000 quintals of cement were
manufactured at Lomma and its branch works at Limhamn. In 1900,
there were altogether 6 cement-works in Sweden, with 1,336 workmen
and a turnout of 1,259,589 quintals, valued at 4,214,000 kronor. The
number of cement-foundries was 12, with 729 workmen and a value of
turnout of 2,055,000 kronor.
The development of cement-works in recent times will be seen from
the following figures (a krona = l-io shilling or 0-268 dollar):
Averages. Value of production. Imports. Exports.
1876/80 ....................... 398,000 kronor. 285,000 kronor. 204,000 kronor.
1881/85 ....................... 634,000 > 328,000 » 332,000 »
1886/90............................................1,063,000 » 360,000 » 310,000 »
1891/95..............................................1,829,000 » 69,000 > 971,000 »
1896/00 ..............................................3,322,000 > 68,000 • 915,000 »
In 1900 ..............................................4,214,000 » 68,000 . 1,277,000 >
In 1900, 183,440 quintals were exported to Denmark, 144,426 to
Russia, 92,928 to Finland, and 4,849 to other countries; total 425,643
quintals.
Mortar, too, is to some extent manufactured on a wholesale scale.
In 1900, there were 4 mortar-factories at work, their turnout being
for a value of 493,000 kronor.
Earthenware.
Of the more recent (postglacial and glacial) beddings which occur
in Sweden — upper gray clay, lower gray clay, and stratified clay —
it is principally the two latter which are worked to form ordinary, not
fireproof, bricks (with an elasticity of compression of 100—200 kilograms
per square centimeter), drain-pipes, pantiles, earthenware vessels, and
Dutch tiles.
Briokyards are to be found in all parts of the kingdom. For baking
ordinary bricks, the old kilns, which were heated with wood, have had
increasingly to give way to annular kilns, in which the heat is
maintained continuously, the fuel being usually coal-dust. The first annular
kiln was constructed in 1873 by the Skåne Cement Company. At all
the larger brickyards, machines are nowadays employed to shape the
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