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958
XII. SHIPPING AND NAVIGATION OF SWEDEN.
The Göta Canal, at Berg in Östergötland.
facilitating of mercantile connection between different places in the
country itself.
When the era of railways began, the interest for canal
constructions fell into oblivion in all countries. But the last few years have
brought a great change. The strongly forced competition everywhere
compels a reduction of the costs of freight, and rapidly a distribution
of work has established itself between railways and waterways,
inasmuch as the transport of heavy goods which don’t need speedy
despatch, has been transferred to the latter; concerning such, the freight
is decidedly more favourable for transport by water. And herewith a
new era has dawned for canal-building, and gigantic enterprises in this
respect are in several countries already completed, while still more are
being planned or prepared.
In Sweden too an experience of the superior cheapness of
waterways for heavy goods has made itself felt and led to the same result
as everywhere else. Also in our country attention has been roused to
new constructions of canals on a large scale. A scheme for an improved
canal between lake Venern and the Kattegat is already worked out
and presented to the Government.
On these new canals one has, however, far greater pretensions than
in earlier times. They are required to be navigable for ocean-going
vessels, and the canal-journey must be effected with the greatest speed
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