Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - XII. Shipping and Navigation - Pilots and Lighthouses. Maritime Life-Saving Establishments, by E. Smith, Pilot Captain, Stockholm, Member of the Riksdag - Salvage and Diving Work, by E. Smith, Pilot Captain, Stockholm, Member of the Riksdag
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964
XII. SHIPPING AND NAVIGATION OF SWEDEN.
cases did the Military Court, having to enquire into the circumstances, sentence
the pilot as being guilty of the mishap. — Concerning the development of
the Pilot and Lighthouse Services, from 1871 onwards, statistics will be found in
Table 151, page 962.
At the 18 Life-saving Stations in the kingdom 7 persons were saved in 1902,
and since they were started, a total of altogether 1,661 persons have been rescued.
The Pilot Service entirely or partially supports no less than 25 Schoola in
remote localities, and instruction was there given, during 1902, to 271 children.
Sweden has always occupied a proud position in the domain of lighthouse
technics and inventions. We will only mention here that the first revolving light
provided with a mirror-reflector (holophote), was erected at Marstrand in Sweden,
and name such Swedish inventions as: the von Otter system of lighting certain
sectors where shoals exist with varying intermittent lights (Klippsken); the
Lindberg system of producing intermittent lights by the use of automatic rotators,
which can be employed for small lights not constantly watched — a system now
applied at inshore channels nearly all over the world; and also a lamp of special
construction used in these lights, giving continuous illumination by the aid of
petroleum, etc.
Salvage and Diving Work.
In the decade 1671/80 diving-operations for the salvage of the
cargoes of shipswrecked vessels are for the first time recorded in Sweden.
At that date, a foreigner, F. A. von Treuleben by name, obtained a
license from the Crown to carry on regular diving and salvage work
Later on (in 1692 and 1729 respectively), two Diving-Companies were
formed, and their licenses were renewed from time to time. These two
companies succeeded in existing side by side until 1802, when an
alteration was effected, inasmuch as one single Diving and Salvage Company was
then founded to embrace the whole kingdom. That company continued
till the summer of 1831, but during the later years of its existence, it
was subjected to various restrictions in its monopoly. In the thirties
of last century, an attempt was again made to form a privileged
association, and a charter was granted to it, but salvage work shortly
afterwards fell into the hands of private speculators.
The credit of having introduced a systematic organization into salvage
work is chiefly due to Consul E. Liljewalch, who, in 1869, founded the
Neptune Salvage Co., which is now well known all over the world.
The operations of the company are by no means restricted to Sweden,
for they have extended to many remote parts of the old world. Nor
have offers of salvage business from America been wanting, although the
company has not hitherto had the opportunity of availing itself of them.
The principal salvage appliances in the possession of the Company at
present consist of: 11 salvage steamers, 8 fixed centrifugal pumps, 22 portable steam
pumps, 2 centrifugal pumps worked by electricity 6 large steam-airpumps, 25
complete diving-apparatuses, 4 cylindrical iron pontoons, 2 prismatic iron pontoons.
4 timber pontoons, 1,800 fathoms of nine-inch steel cable, 200 fathoms of »Galle’s
chain», 100 fathoms of chain-cable, 42 hydraulic jacks, and a number of sea-going
hulks fitted with steam cranes, sea-going lighters provided with lifting-cranes,
submarine blasting appliances and rock-drilling machines, and various blocks, jiggers, etc.
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