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1044 XIV. CREDIT AND INSURANCE ESTABLISHMENTS OF SWEDEN.
in this branch of insurance, some of which also carry on land transport
insurance. The amounts written by above mentioned companies was
for 1901 in kronor:
Companies. Concluded insurances. Brutto Indenmiti« *
Brutto. Reinsured. PrBminm8’ surances". Brntt0" ÆS.
Swedish joint-stock
companies............ 988.604,824 425,895,438 10,739,240 5,956,940 7,613,957 4,530,981
D:o mutual companies 64,409,919 35,589,870 3,202,233 2,085,152 1,775,000 925,000
Total Swedish companies 1,053,014,743 461,485,308 13,941,473 8,042,092 9,388,957 5,455,9*1
Foreign companies......... 75,146,812 21,689,340 204,501 52,406 87,304 26,895
Total 1,128,161,555 483,174,»48 14,145,974 8,094,498 9,470,201 5,482,870
The insurance belonging to the field of transport insurance
(registering and assuring) of letters and other postal transmittances has
hitherto, before the foundation of the National Insurance Office (see p.
1073), been the only insurance work done by the Swedish State.
Fire Insurance. There is no doubt but that the provisions of the
Swedish provincial laws (from the 13th and 14th centuries) were founded
on the ancient right of custom, which provisions obliged all the
inhabitants of the same hundred (härad) to give mutual support in case of
damages by fire, — provisions which afterwards, with certain
alterations, were embodied in the common laws of the country, and may be
characterized as laws for obligatory mutual fire insurance, especially
since it was ordained (in the »Huses Ordningen» of 1681) that the sum
of the firetax should be fixed according to »the size of the damage».
The indemnity fixed by the law originally embraced only the buildings
though, from the end of the seventeenth century also grain, fodder, and
cattle, but only what was necessary for the use of the farm, not other
chattels or household furniture. Not until the nineteenth century was
the obligatory hundred (härad) fire insurance re-organized into mntnal,
smaller fire insurance companies on the voluntary basis, but retaining
the right to have the premiums collected together with the Crown
taxes. But as early as 1688, the first Swedish fire insurance association
was organized which was intended for insurance takers from at least
one province and embracing chattel-insurance too.
The first fire insurance institution in Stockholm — Stockholms Städs
Brandförsäkringskontor, a kind of public corporative but free, mutual
association — had its first code of by-laws confirmed on March IS,
1746. — The oldest fire insurance company in Sweden is Skandia, the
pioneer also in Swedish life insurance; its first Association statute?
were sanctioned on January 12, 1855. In 1901, there were operating,
besides Skandia, two other home joint-stock companies, Svea (in
(rothenburg since 1867) and Skåne (in Malmö since 1884), which carry on both
fire and life insurance business, and three, Fenix (1889), Norrland (1890),
and Victoria (1899), which are exclusively fire insurance companies;
* The figures for the mutual companies are only approximate.
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