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1046 XIV. CREDIT AND INSURANCE ESTABLISHMENTS OF SWEDEN.
with insurances, possibly taken direct in a company abroad and not
reassured in Sweden. — How the brutto insurance sum is divided between
real estate and chattels does not fully appear from the statements.
Life insurance, at least as burial help, and several other kinds of
personal insurance, in a rudimentary form, occurred in the ancient
guilds. But modern life insurance, based on scientific principles, was
only introduced in Sweden by the Fire and Life Insurance Company
Skandia (1855), which then was followed by Svea (1867). The first
Swedish joint-stock company with exclusive life insurance business (in
a broad Bense, i. e. life, life-annuity, and capital insurance) was
Nordstjernan (1872); then came Thule (1873), Victoria (1883); Norrland (1890)
ceded its stock to Skandia (1898). Skåne (1884) also engages in
fire-insuring, while Nordpolen (1897) is only a life insurance company.
Furthermore, there were 13 mutual companies (most of them with
guarantee capitals, which are to be successively relieved with collected
profits), namely: Allmänna lifförsäkringsbolaget (from 1887), Balder
(1887), Odén (1889), Svenska lifförsäkringsbolaget (1891), Svenska
arbetarförsäkringsbolaget Valand (1895), Nordiska folkförsäkringsbolaget Union
(1895; at the beginning of 1900 absorbed by Valand), Svecia (1898),
Lif-och Sjukförsäkringsbolaget Vasa (1898), Allmänna
pensionsförsäkrings-bolaget (1898), Vanadis (1899; in liquidation since 1901; its stock has
been transferred to Valand), Svenska arbetareförsäkringsanstalten Trygg
(189;)), Brage (1900), and Nornan (1900; now dissolved, stock ceded to
other companies). Later on has come Kronan (1902). Besides these
there are 25 agencies for foreign companies. The activity of the
companies during 1901 and the state of business are seen from the following
comparison, in million kronor:
p • Paid compen- Insurance ’J""
i,..,.. Premiums .. J , > , in force at the
Companies. ^ _ for re- end of the year
insurances. Brntt0. ( Bj the year. ***
Swedish joint-stock companies 15-82 181 7 47 0 78 112-55 47940 48 67
Swedish mutual companies .. 581 081 081 O il 1570 15980 11-93
Total Swedish companies 21 18 2 12 8 28 0 84 128 25 638 70
Foreign companies.............. 215_— 0 60_-—_— 56 58_—
Total 23-28 212 8 88 084 128 25 093-28 00»
The life insurances in force at the end of the year numbered 202,843.
98,569 of which in the Swedish joint-stock companies, in the mutual
companies 89,892, and in foreign companies 14,382. Besides, there are 4,726
life-annuity insurances for a total amount of 1,798,110 kronor per annum,
and 1,291 capital insurances for altogether 4,542,786 kronor.
The reservations for profit to the insured made by the Swedish
companies the same year, amounted to close upon 1,600,000 kronor, the
dividends of the insured not yet paid out, amounted at the end of
the year to 2 millions. The development of the Swedish life insurance
business is further illustrated by Table 162.
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