Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - XVI. Labour Legislation and Social Statistics - 1. Labour Legislation. By A. Raphael, Ph. D., D. C. L., Stockholm - Protection of Workers
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protection of workers.
1069
the School Board; once a month a certificate on instruction approved is to be
delivered to the tradesman.
In every manufactory the ordinance itself, with future additions or
alterations, are to be set up at a convenient place, as also a specification of the
hours when a minor has to begin and finish work, likewise the times fixed for the
recesses.
For a transgression against the ordinance the tradesman as well as the
pro-parent can be fined.
But the ordinance of 1881 — of whose sphere already in 1883 the mining
work partly backed out and that of saw-mills and lumber-yards altogether — was
not by far carried out to the extent intended either, and no more than 10 years
later a committee had again to take the question in hand about protection for
minors. Its report, returned in 1892, did not, however, take the shape of any
new ordinance stipulations till 1900. The only thing effected in this department,
during the interval, was the enacting of an ordinance of July 10, 1891,
forbidding children at night-hours to carry on certain kinds of selling, further the
ordinance of Dec. 4, 1896, replacing the former and interdicting children to carry
on certain kinds of sale, and the ordinance of Dee. 10, 1897, containing a
prohibition against the employment of children at a public show. Both these
prohibitions are valid for boys below 14 and girls below 15. The ordinance of 1896
refers to the distribution or sale of goods in the streets and public places or
localities. Such an interdiction, which on the initiative of certain local authorities
can be set afoot, only comprehends the time from 8 p. m. till 8 a. m., with the
exception of Sundays and holy days, when it can have force throughout the 24
hours. The ordinance of 1897 against children’s being employed at a public
show refers to rope-dancing, organ-grinding, or other similar entertainments where
an admission fee is collected. The two ordinances stipulate a fine for the
pro-parent; the child itself may, according to the ordinance of 1896, be admonished
and chastised.
Leaving certain stipulations about women’s work out of consideration for the
present — of which more below — the Law of 1900 regulates the work of
minora in trades of industry. A minor above 12 may — unless he has a holiday —
be employed in such work only on the condition of having got due permission to
leave the Common school or else of proving that his school duty has come to an
end. Before he is engaged, it must be proved by medical certificate that he
cannot be supposed to suffer from the work in the future in consequence of bad
health or bodily weakness. Who has not reached 13 must only work 6 hours
at most, and other minors 10 hours at most out of the 24. Who has not reached
15 should enjoy requisite leisure for continued school instruction. During the
recesses a minor must not stay in a workshop where the air is vitiated by
matters dangerous to health but shall have access to another convenient room where
he can take his meals. His work must not be carried on before 6 a. m. or after
7 p. m. A minor must not be put to manage a steam-boiler or a motor, to
clean or grease a machine or motor at work, nor yet to lift off or put on the
belt of a drawplate, etc., unless special, duly approved mechanical arrangements
have been made. For underground work in a mine or a quarry a male minor
under 14 must not be used and a female one not at all. In mining work and
at blast furnaces and other industrial works necessitating so-called constant fire
and at saw-mills and their adjoining lumber-yards, the work-hours for a male
minor above 14 may, under certain conditions, extend to 12 hours at most out of
the 24 as also to other hours than between 6 a. m. and 7 p. m.
With observance of other stipulations in the law, a minor having reached
11 may be employed in easy, open-air work at mines, saw-mills, and
lumberyards annexed to these.
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