Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - XVI. Labour Legislation and Social Statistics - 2. Social Condition and Social Statistics - The Co-operative Movement, by G. H. von Koch, Editor, Stockholm - Workmen's Dwellings, by G. H. von Koch, Editor, Stockholm
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1084 xvi. labour legislation and social statistics of sweden.
the highest development, the increase in the number of co-operative creameries is
extraordinarily large, as will be seen from the fact that, m 1890 the number
was 10, but in 1900 again 106. On the contrary the creameries of other kinds
had decreased from S10 to 84.
The organization of these co-operative creameries is very simple. The farmers
form a society which borrows necessary capital, by means of whieh a creamery
is erected. All the milk produced on the estates of the members must be sent to
the creamery. The price for the milk is the same for all and is fixed once &
month. A member’s share in the creamery is calculated in accordance with the
payment he has received for the milk. TTie number of members and the
quantity of milk they supply vary rauch. Of some creameries there are several
hundreds of shareholders.
At some places, it has been arranged so that the members can be supplied
with feed, etc., by the creamery. Most of the creameries are also united in strong
bodies watching their common interests. But they have not developed the idea
any further and not extended the co-operative principles to the farm labourers.
Workmen’s Dwellings.
In consequence of the influx to the towns from the country districts,
the workmen’s dwelling question has assumed considerable importance
in our towns. It is therefore of moment to state what has been
accomplished in this respect in the larger towns of this country.
In Stockholm. That there was a lack of sufficient workmen’s dwelling
accommodations in Stockholm was clearly evidenced as far back as in 1896 by an
investigation brought about by the Town Council and carried out by K. Kbt-Ibkrg.
According to the results then received regarding the year 1895, nearly a fourth
of the working people in the capital were lodgers, i. e., they hired
sleeping-places from other persons and had no dwelling of their own; and the rents paid
were in many eases unreasonably high. It was stated that on an average for these
dwellings (kitchen counted as room) a rent of 92 kronor (à 1m o shilling or
0*268 dollar), per annum was demanded, corresponding to a price of 2*83 kronor per
cubic meter of the room capacity (8 sh. 10 d. per a hundred cubic feet).
However, the conditions in this respect were during the following years not
ameliorated. On the contrary, a change for the worse seemed evidently about to
take place, wherefore an energetic action on the part of the community was
rendered necessary. In connection with this a fresh, comprehensive investigation into
the dwelling question was made at the public’s expense by J. Guinchard
regarding the years 1900 and 1902 and embracing all dwellings in the Capital up to
and including three rooms and kitchen. There it was stated that the rent»
had been raised very considerably since 1896 and that, owing to this, the relative
number of people per room as well as the number of lodgers showed an increase in
figures. The yearly rent per room had now increased to 134 kronor and the average
price per cubic meter to 3-95 kronor (12 ah. 4 d. per hundred cubic feet),
corresponding thus to an increase of about 40 %. For the sake of comparison it
was stated at the same time that for the large dwellings (six rooms and kitchen
and thereover) luxuriously fitted up and located in the best quarters, there were
paid 239 kronor per room but only 2*80 kronor per cubic meter (8 th. 9 d.
per hundred cubic feet). It is evident from these figures that the dwelling
conditions of the working classes as well as of the people in small circumstances on
the whole earnestly demand improvement. In 1903, a Committee was formed
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