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80 PASSIVE MOVEMENTS.
depresses it and stretches downwards at the same time. Of
course, in order to be able to do this, he does not hold his own
arru^t a right angle to that of the patient, but more in the same
line with it. "When now the abduction begins, he does not
change the respective positions of the arms to each other, or at
least very slightly, but makes the resistance not at a right angle,
but at a smaller one. The smaller the angle, the stronger is the
extension during the movement, and the more are the muscles
stimulated to contraction.
There is another reason, and an important one, why we should
make it a rule, when the joint is at all affected, to use passive
extension in all movements, whether passive or active under
resistance. By doing so, we remove the surfaces from each
other, the friction is thus lessened, and the movement which
under ordinary circumstances would cause considerable pain, can
be given without any ; it is also greater in range, and no
irritation ensues.
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