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directly to the sea. Some are mere gullies, others
are of considerable width, and many appear from
the steamer to outspread upwards, where their
limits are hidden. All of these are more or less
cultivated, and constitute almost the only farm land
of this part of the coast. Most of them have
buildings of some sort upon them; hay houses, cattle
houses, or farmhouses, and the largest are the
stations at which the packet stops. Many are
carpeted with a beautiful verdure, which, from a
distance, appears as smooth as a bowling green.
They all reach the edge of the sea, and there is a
shingle, boulder, or gravel beach at the foot of every
one of them, and no such beach anywhere else in the
neighbourhood.
I have no hesitation in pronouncing them all
to-be glacier tracks, and that their present
configuration is due to the erosion of true glaciers.
The beaches are certainly not the terminal moraines
of the glaciers that planed these little Scandinavian
oases; their material is not sufficient in quantity,
nor is it heaped up after the manner of a terminal
moraine that has borne the thrust of the occasional
advance of a glacier. It simply consists of the
rock fragments that rested on the surface or was
bedded in the substance of the ice, and which
subsided where it now lies when the glacier melted
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