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has been suggested by the Rev. E. Maule Cole that
Wetwang in the East Riding was once a "place of
summons" for some crime committed there, preserving
the Icelandic word vætt-vangr. Sites named "Lund"
possibly indicate sacred groves : there are such in
Holderness, near Beverley, near Selby, in Amounderness,
in Furness, between Dent and Sedbergh, and
near Appleby in Westmorland : here, perhaps, early
settlers, like Thórir at Lund in Iceland, "worshipped
the grove" (Landnáma, iii. 17). But the names
in -ergh and -ark, by writers of the past generation
supposed to mean hörgr, "a shrine," are simply
dairy-farms—erg, i.e. setr, as Orkn. Saga explains, and as
Dr. Colley March has shown conclusively.
North Lancashire was part of Craven, and carucated.
South Lancashire in Domesday had six hundreds, and
both carucates and hides are mentioned. Professor
Maitland thought (Domesday Book and Beyond, p. 470)
that the hides were recent. But Lancashire in Halfdan’s
day was merely an unimportant part of Deira ;
its broad mosslands were not taken up until the
coming of the Norse in 900 (p. 191). Cumberland and
Westmorland also were little colonised by the Danes ;
a few relics show immigration at this early age by the
Stainmoor route, but the Danes at first do not seem
to have ventured to settle far from their town centres,
and the wilder scenery and rougher Celtic population
of the west had no attractions for them. Symeon of
Durham (sub anno 1092) notes that the city of Carlisle
had remained uninhabited for 200 years after its
destruction by the Danes, until William Rufus
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