Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Scandinavian Britain - III. The Norse Settlements - 3. Cumberland and Westmorland
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only the Danes of Northumbria, but the Northmen (of
this coast) submitted to Eadward, and in 926 the
kings of Scotland and Strathclyde met Æthelstan at
Dacre, which must have been the Cumberland Dacre,
outside Northumbria, but not far within the boundary
of the Cumbrian kingdom. It is usual in historical
maps to draw a hard and fast line along the Derwent
as the southern limit of this mysterious realm, assuming
that the later bishopric represented the old kingdom ;
but the whole of the mountainous Lake District must
have been at this period practically a wilderness. A
line of road went through it from Penrith by way of
Keswick, near which St. Herbert had his hermitage
in the wilds ; but the old Roman route through
Ambleside and Hardknott shows no traces of Anglian
habitation, and the central moors of Westmorland
(Westmoringaland, compare Vestrmæri in Norway,
"land of folk of the western meer," or boundary, not
of western "meres," nor the Guasmoric of Nennius,
42, nor the realm of Geoffrey’s Marius) must have been
equally uncivilised until the overflow of Norse settlement
filled them with population. The interests of
the Strathclyde king were in the north ; his capital
was on the Clyde, and Cumberland, though still
Cymric, was a no-man’s-land.
Through this region, again, Owain of Strathclyde
and Constantine’s army must have marched to
Brunanburh, possibly joined by the Vikings settled
here ; for while there were no reprisals made upon
the Danelaw for participation in that attack, in 945
king Eadmund "ravaged all Cumberland and granted
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