Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - VI. Agriculture and Cattle-Breeding - 4. Public and Private Institutions to the Advancement of Agriculture - Agricultural Societies, by Captain V. Nauckhoff, Stockholm - Offices of Chemical Analysis, by M. Weibull, Ph. D., Alnarp
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OFFICES OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.
603
These Agricultural Societies, the work of which has proved very useful,
derived their principal income, up to 1855, from the fees of their members only.
From that time they have bad a certain part of the fees on the sale of spirits
at their disposition (see p. 282), by which they have been enabled considerably
to extend their field of activity. For this purpose they also draw subsidies from
the State as well as from the County Councils. The Agricultural Societies are to
send in to the Board of Agriculture annual reports in regard to their work, and
to furnish statements and information called upon by the Board.
The revenue and expenditure of the Agricultural Societies are shown in Table
83. In 1901, the Agricultural Society of Malmöhus Län had the largest income,
being 201,142 kronor, and the North Society of Kalmar Län the smallest, being
33,471 kronor. The total revenue of all the Societies for the same year amounted
to 2,456,653 kronor.
The surplus capital of the Societies amounted at the end of 1880 to 3,454,831
kronor, at the end of 1890 to 3,658,209, and at the end of 1900 to 5,414,198
kronor. Inclusive of fnnds for special purposes (formed by donations or otherwise),
the total amounted this last mentioned year to 5,685,028 kronor. The fact that
so considerable public funds are administered by these private societies appointing
their own boards of directors and electing their members, is indeed a peculiar
feature of Swedish »self-government». — The number of members, which in 1890
amounted to 26,369, had in 1901 increased to 41,873.
A matter especially incumbent on the Agricultural Societies is the collecting
of the material to the Agricultural Statistics. The manner of obtaining such
material is, however, left to the discretion of each Society, as a consequence of
which circumstance the material collected is of a very unequal value. Most of
the Societies seek to gain their object by yearly, careful investigations of smaller
parts of the district, until the same has been wholly explored, when a new series
of investigations is commenced. The data collected are published by the Central
Bureau of Statistics, which, moreover, publishes preliminary estimates on the crops,
founded on the accounts of the constables regarding the amount of crops yielded
per each bushel sown. These preliminary figures are published even before the end
of the civil year, while the more extensive reports of the Agricultural Societies
appear only after the expiration of a year. A reorganization of the Swedish
Agricultural Statistics is at present (in 1903) under deliberation.
The object of these offices is to promote the development of farming and
the trades by giving advice and information, and especially by means of analyses
of farm produce, technical products, and the like. The first public offices of
this kind were established in 1876, viz., at Skara, Halmstad, Kalmar, and Vesterås.
In 1881, one office was started at Örebro, in 1885 two, viz., at Jönköping and
Hernösand, in 1895 one at Luleå, and finally in 1900 one at Visby. To each
of these nine State offices of chemical analysis the State gives a subsidy of 4,000
kronor per annum (exceptionally, however, to the office at Luleå 5,000); they
enjoy support besides from Agricultural Societies or County Councils, varying
from 2,000 to 5,300 kronor. Then there is the income from fees for analyses
B»de, which varies from 1,300 to 6,000 kronor. All these offices, with the
exception of that at Jönköping, are connected with offices for seed-controlling (see
Wow) under the management of one and the same director. — Regulations for
the work of these State offices were issued for the first time in 1877; those at
present in force bear the date of June 7, 1900.
Offices of Chemical Analysis.
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