Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - VI. Agriculture and Cattle-Breeding - 4. Public and Private Institutions to the Advancement of Agriculture - Offices of Chemical Analysis, by M. Weibull, Ph. D., Alnarp - Offices for Seed-controlling, by Prof. Bengt Jönsson, Ph. D., Lund
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604
VI. AGRICDLTURE AND CATTLE-BREEDING OF SWEDEN.
Certain Agricultural Societies and County Councils have also successively
established separate chemical laboratories and Controlling-offices of public analysis
within their own districts, with a view to giving the husbandmen of their respective
Läns an opportunity to get analyses made at a lower cost. These establishments
are either connected with State institutions, as is the case with the chemical offices
of the State Agricultural High Schools at Alnarp and Ultuna, or with private
Institutes of the kind, with the bureau of the City chemist, etc., as at Molkom,
Gefle, Umeå, Borås, Gothenburg, and Kristianstad. These seven offices have State
subsidies varying from 600 to 2,500 kronor. Some of them have also a
department for 8eed-rontrolling, others for milk analysis. Dairy-farming having made
such rapid progress of låte years, it has been necessary to have milk analyses made
on a large scale, and at a low cost. Besides the aforesaid chemical offices, there
are six special offices for milk analysis, which likewise have subsidies from the
Agricultural Societies.
At the State chemical offices there were made, in 1901, as many as 53,599
analyses, and at those of the Agricultural Societies, about 37,000. At the offices
of milk analysis thcfre were made during the same year about 57,600 tests.
Some of the chemical offices are at the same time also Experimental
establishments where experiments are made, on a smaller or larger scale, as to the
cultivation of plants. Such is the case with the offices at Kalmar and Luleå,
the latter designed proximately as a Phyto-biological office, where experiments
and investigations are to be made in regard to the kinds of fodder-plants, and
the like, especially suited to the climate of Norrland. At some of the
experimental establishments local manuring experiments are made for the purpose of
giving information to the farmers as to the most suitable manuring of their fields
and meadows. Exclusively intended for the making of experiments are the
Experimental Grounds of the Academy of Agriculture at Albano, near Stockholm
(see p. 377), and the Forsse Experimental Grounds in Vestergötland.
The subsidies accruing to all these 22 offices of analysis from the State
amounted in 1901 to 36,000 kronor, and from Agricultural Societies and County
Councils to about 46,000 kronor.
Offices for Seed-controlling.
In 1869, the first establishment for analysis of grain and seed was founded
in Germany, under direction of Prof. Fr. Nobbe; some years later, in 1876, public
analysis of seeds was introduced into Sweden, at Nydala in the Län of Halland.
Swedish public analysis of seeds has thus been able to celebrate the twentyfifth
anniversary of a work which in more than one respect has proved so useful to
agriculture. At present, there are in our country 19 offices supported by public
subsidies. These offices were at first supported only by subsidies from the
Agricultural Societies, but as early as 1887, the Riksdag placed 10,000 kronor at the
disposal of the Government to be employed in support of such offices to which the
County Councils and the Agricultural Societies contribute by an amount at least
equal to that of the State subsidy, and which would submit to the regulations
laid down by the Government. The instructions for the Seed-controlling oßce»
issued by the Royal Board of Agriculture, and now in force, bear the date of
June 26, 1900, and are similar to the regulations for the analysis of seeds at
the same time adopted in Denmark and in Norway. In 1901, the total number
of analyses made at these establishments amounted to 11,273, while 3,743,357
kilograms of seeds were leaded. This same year there were drawn out of public
funds, besides the aforesaid 10,000 kronor from the State, 16,567 kronor from
the County Councils and the Agricultural Societies.
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