Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - X. Manufacturing Industries. By Å. G. Ekstrand, Ph. D., Chief Engineer, Control Office of the Department of Finance - 2. Textile and Clothing Industry, by Prof. G. Sellergren, Stockholm - Other manufactures of the clothing industry - Machines used in the textile industry
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textile and clothing industry.
809
The branches which in 1900 accounted for the largest manufacture are
the following:
Factories. Workmen. Value of production.
Stockinet factories and hosieries.............. 51 3,298 7,406,000 kronor.
Seiring factories.................................... 27 2.134 5,698,000 »
Factories for calendered fabrics................ 190 2,335 5,301,000 »
Hat factories......................................... 16 1,234 2,934,000 »
Curtain factories.................................... 3 343 1,454,000 •
Ribbon factories................................... 12 398 1,098,000 >
Factories for waterproof stuffs............... 13 278 1,068,000 >
Neck-tie factories................................. 12 330 760,000 »
Corset factories...................................... 7 458 717,000 »
Umbrella and parasol factories................ 7 51 533,000 >
Cotton-wool factories....................’........... 14 230 501,000 »
Of dye and bleach works for yarn and cloths we have a large number but
mostly small; still there are some which work on a larger scale; the most
important are the dye-works of Levanten, near Gothenburg. At the large wool and
cotton factories there are also dye and bleach-works established, quite satisfying
the most exigent claims of the time in this branch.
Of our stockinet-factories the largest are to be found in the Elfsborg,
Göteborg och Bohus, and Östergötland Läns, as well as in Stockholm and Karlstad.
The most important sewing-factories are the cloak-factory of Wettergren &
Co. in Gothenburg and Aktiebolaget (i. e. joint-stock company) Moresco in Malmö.
Hats are manufactured in Sweden principally of felting. The most important
factories of this kind are to be met with in Halmstad (Wallbergska fabriken),
in Karlskrona, and in Stockholm.
Machines used in the textile industry.
Of the large number of machines used in the textile industry, only a small
number are manufactured in this country’, although, for instance, the manufacture
of ordinary machine-looms for simple cotton cloths has several conditions for being
carried on profitably here. The Huskvarna factory makes seicing and knitting
machines of recognized good quality. P. Persson’s counting apparatus with the
pattern discs pertaining thereto has proved of great importance, especially in home
handicraft, whereby the work is facilitated in the manufacture of a large number of
articles of clothing by the ordinary knitting machine. For dyeing, bleaching, and
washing cotton, likewise within the domain of calico-printing, G. Jagenburg at
Rydboholm has made several important inventions, and there are several good
inventions of Swedish origin for impregnating cloth for the purpose of rendering it
waterproof or less likely to catch fire. E. Schenson’s Swingle apparatus for treating
flax, and P. Strehlenert’s arrangement for spinning artificial silk, may also be
mentioned; for the latter see p. 808. Electricity also has been utilized, as in G.
Wenström s method of singeing-machines for cotton cloth, and G. Cassel’s
arrangement of cutting-machines. Weavers’ reeds are manufactured at the Mora factory.
For exercising control over the textile industry in Sweden, as well for the needs
of the individual as those of the State, the Technical High School’s Material
Testing Institution has a special department furnished with the requisite apparatus
for the purpose. Besides microscopic examinations of the fiber contained in yarn and
cloth, tests of different kinds as to strength of material are applied. Thus, yam is
tested as to strength, elasticity, evenness, purity, and uniformity, the quality of string
and fiber; cloth is tested as to strength, elasticity, durability, perviousness to gases
and fluids, permanence of dyes, shrinkage. Even separate fibers are examined with
regard to strength and spinning qualities. For these various purposes there are
up-to-date apparatuses, partly constructed specially for the Institution.
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